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KMID : 0857920160190020097
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Yonsei Journal of Medical History
2016 Volume.19 No. 2 p.97 ~ p.116
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Madness, the World of Overthrown Souls - History of Russian Madness
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Lee Byoung-Hoon
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Abstract
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The purpose of this paper is to summarize and evaluate the history of russian madness. The main analysis of this work is the record of russian madness and Dostoevsky`s Notes from Underground. Madness provides a starting point for explaining the overturning or the transvaluation of modern values. Restoration of madness is to recover the true value of man hidden in madness. In other words, there is a human value, nature, and a message of salvation that humans have given up in madness or oppression of madness. The best examples of these points are russian history and literature. The 19th century was the renaissance period of russian madness. Especially in the area of literature, Dostoevsky shows what russian madness means. Dostoevsky`s the underground man is the most ideal and meaningful hero among the many figures of madman who appear in Western literature. The underground man is the intellectual living in the russian capital Saint-Petersburg in the 1860s. The underground man is a form of so-called `modern man` that is torn by European civilization and deviates from russian people and earth. So what is the reality of illnesses that the underground man are suffering from? It is an excess of consciousness. Excessive consciousness destroys emotions, destroys will, and paralyzes behavior. He does not live in reality but lives in ideas. He pursue idealistic truths without pursuing the truth of reality. He practice, but the driver of that practice is in idea, not reality. Excessive consciousness prevents him from adapting to everyday reality and makes his own space. `The underground` is the center and epicenter of the closed circuit that is disconnected from reality. According to Dostoevsky, human abandons humanity based on belief in the ultimate victory of reason and give up free will. The underground man argues that reason is nothing but a part of human being. He claims that human is not a reasonal being, but an irrational being, driven by his humanity, free will. The revolt of the underground man ends with failure. Madness still can not escape from `the underground`. However, he becomes a model for modern man, because of the madness trapped in `the underground`.
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KEYWORD
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Russian madness, Dostoevsky, Notes from Underground, free will
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